12th Physical Education

  What is Psychology? (Chapter 1) Psychology is derived from 2 Greek words Psyche (soul) and logos (science/study). Psychology is defined formally as a science which studies mental processes, experiences and behaviour in different contexts. Internal experiences refer to states of consciousness or awareness or mental processes. Experiences are influenced by internal and external conditions of the experiences. Behaviours are responses or reactions that are activities we engage in. Behaviour may be simple or complex, short or enduring, overt, sensed by observer, internal or covered. Psychology as a Discipline Psychology studies behaviour, experience and mental processes. In Indian tradition, self-reflection and analysis of our conscious experiences, is major source of psychological understanding.                 Western psychologists begun to emphasis the role of self-reflection and self-knowledge in understanding human behaviour and experience.    First laboratory of psychology in 1879 i

  Posture  A relative arrangement of body parts or segments or as accustomed position, which enables the body tofunction effectively. It is defined as position or outlook assumed by the body while standing, sitting, lying down or performing muscular activity or during stability. Good posture  is such in which trained the body to stand, walk, sit or lie so to face least strain on muscles and ligaments while moving or performing weight-bearing activities. Good posture make muscular and skeletal balance that protects the body from injuries whether running, jumping, diving, tumbling, tackling, even while sitting or sleeping etc. Two types of posture- Dynamic and Static Dynamic Posture-  How to hold yourself while moving (walking, running, for picking up). It forms the basis for movement. Muscles needs to adjust to the changing situations. Static Posture-  How to hold yourself during static position (standing, sitting, sleeping). Parts of body aligned in fixed state. With proper muscles co-